The nations of the world had 34,700 tons of gold reserves, as of January 2020. Countries maintain gold reserves to stabilize currency against hyperinflation. Over 80% of the world's national gold reserves is held by the central banks and finance ministries of just 25 countries. To determine those that control the world’s gold, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed World Gold Council data.
25. Venezuela
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 161.2 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $8.1 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 81.0%
• GDP: $271 billion ($9,402 per capita)
• Population: 28.9 million
24. Algeria
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 173.6 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $8.7 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 11.6%
• GDP: $580 billion ($13,737 per capita)
• Population: 42.2 million
23. Philippines
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 197.9 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $9.9 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 11.2%
• GDP: $847 billion ($7,943 per capita)
• Population: 106.7 million
22. Belgium
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 227.4 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $11.4 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 39.5%
• GDP: $498 billion ($43,582 per capita)
• Population: 11.4 million
21. Poland
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 228.6 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $11.5 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 9.3%
• GDP: $1.1 trillion ($28,786 per capita)
• Population: 38 million
20. Austria
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 280.0 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $14.1 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 56.1%
• GDP: $409 billion ($46,260 per capita)
• Population: 8.8 million
19. Spain
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 281.6 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $14.1 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 19.1%
• GDP: $1.6 trillion ($34,831 per capita)
• Population: 46.7 million
18. Lebanon
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 286.8 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $14.4 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 27.3%
• GDP: $79 billion ($11,607 per capita)
• Population: 6.8 million
17. United Kungdom
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 310.3 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $15.6 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 9.3%
• GDP: $2.7 trillion ($40,522 per capita)
• Population: 66.5 million
16. Saudi Arabia
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 323.1 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $16.2 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 3.2%
• GDP: $1.7 trillion ($49,101 per capita)
• Population: 33.7 million
15. Uzbekistan
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 333.7 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $16.8 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 56.7%
• GDP: $250 billion ($7,592 per capita)
• Population: 33 million
14. Portugal
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 382.5 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $19.2 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 76.8%
• GDP: $298 billion ($28,999 per capita)
• Population: 10.3 million
13. Kazakhstan
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 386.5 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $19.4 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 67.1%
• GDP: $452 billion ($24,738 per capita)
• Population: 18.3 million
12. Taiwan, province of China
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 422.4 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $21.2 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 4.3%
• GDP: N/A
• Population: N/A
11. Turkey
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 428.7 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $21.5 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 21.8%
• GDP: $2.1 trillion ($25,358 per capita)
• Population: 82.3 million
10. Netherlands
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 612.5 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $30.8 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 70.2%
• GDP: $858 billion ($49,787 per capita)
• Population: 17.2 million
9. India
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 635 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $31.9 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 7%
• GDP: $9.3 trillion ($6,888 per capita)
• Population: 1.4 billion
8. Japan
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 765.2 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $38.4 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 2.9%
• GDP: $5 trillion ($39,294 per capita)
• Population: 126.5 million
7. Switzerland
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 1,040.0 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $52.3 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 6.2%
• GDP: $505 billion ($59,317 per capita)
• Population: 8.5 million
6. China
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 1,948.3 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $97.9 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 3.1%
• GDP: $22.5 trillion ($16,182 per capita)
• Population: 1.4 billion
5. Russia
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 2,279.2 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $114.5 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 20.6%
• GDP: $3.8 trillion ($24,791 per capita)
• Population: 144.5 million
4. France
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 2,436.0 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $122.4 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 63.6%
• GDP: $2.6 trillion ($39,556 per capita)
• Population: 67 million
3. Italy
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 2,451.8 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $123.2 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 69.3%
• GDP: $2.2 trillion ($35,828 per capita)
• Population: 60.4 million
2. Germany
• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 3,366.5 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $169.1 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 74%
• GDP: $3.8 trillion ($45,936 per capita)
• Population: 82.9 million
1. United States
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• Gold reserves as of January 2020: 8,133.5 tonnes
• Gold reserves in USD as of January 2020: $408.7 billion
• Gold as % of total foreign exchange reserves: 77.9%
• GDP: $18.2 trillion ($55,719 per capita)
• Population: 327.2 million
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